How reliable are projections of future ?ood damage?

Flood damage modelling is an important component in ?ood risk management, and several studies have investigated the possible range of ?ood damage in the coming decades. Generally, ?ood damage assessments are still characterized by considerable uncertainties in stage-damage functions and methodological differences in estimating exposed asset values. The high variance that is commonly associated with absolute ?ood damage assessments is the reason for the present study that investigates the reliability of estimates of relative changes in the development of potential ?ood damage. While studies that estimate (relative) changes in ?ood damage over time usually address uncertainties resulting from different projections (e.g. land-use characteristics), the in?uence of different ?ood damage modelling approaches on estimates of relative changes in the development of ?ood damage is largely unknown. In this paper, we evaluate the reliability of estimates of relative changes in ?ood damage along the river Rhine between 1990 and 2030 in terms of different ?ood-damage modelling approaches. The results show that relative estimates of ?ood damage developments differ by a factor of 1.4. These variations, which result from the application of different modelling approaches, are considerably smaller than differences between the approaches in terms of absolute damage estimates (by a factor of 3.5 to 3.8), or than differences resulting from land-use projections (by a factor of 3). The differences that exist when estimating relative changes principally depend on the differences in damage functions. In order to improve the reliability of relative estimates of changes in the development of potential ?ood damage, future research should focus on reducing the uncertainties related to damage functions.